目的： 探讨消炎Ⅰ号方治疗葡萄膜炎的作用机理。方法： 实验兔随机分为正常组和实验性葡萄膜炎消炎Ⅰ号方治疗组、激素治疗组、生理盐水对照组。在不同阶段用放射免疫法对各组房水及外周血中白细胞介素Ⅱ（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎＩＩ，ＩＬＩＩ） 和肿瘤坏死因子（ｔｕｍｏｒｏｕｓ ｎｅｃｒｏｔｉｃｆａｃｔｏｒα， ＴＮＦα） 进行检测。结果： 与正常组比较， 葡萄膜炎兔外周血及房水中ＴＮＦα升高； 与生理盐水组比较， 激素组外周血及房水ＴＮＦα、房水中ＩＬ２ 降低； 中药组外周血ＴＮＦα及房水中ＩＬ２ 降低， 差异均有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）。房水中ＴＮＦα含量虽降低， 差异无显著意义。结论：消炎Ⅰ号方在一定程度上有抑制实验性葡萄膜炎兔ＴＮＦα和降低ＩＬＩＩ水平的作用。 Objective: To explore the mechanism of Xiaoyan No.1 in the treatment of uveitis. Methods: Experimental rabbits were randomly divided into normal group and experimental uveitis Xiaoyan I group treatment group, hormone treatment group, and saline control group. Radioimmunoassay was used to detect interleukinII(ILII) and tumor necrotic factorα(TNFα) in peripheral blood and peripheral blood in different stages. Results: Compared with the normal group, TNFα in peripheral blood and aqueous humor of rabbits with uveitis increased. Compared with saline group, peripheral blood and aqueous humor TNFα in steroid group and IL 2 in aqueous humor decreased; TNFα and aqueous humor in peripheral blood of Chinese medicine group. IL  2 decreased, the difference was significant (P < 0-05). Although the content of TNFα in aqueous humor decreased, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Xiaoyan No. I prescription can inhibit the level of TNFα and ILII in rabbits with experimental uveitis to some extent.