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为了评价培育小麦杂种的资源材料,在澳大利亚旱地条件下对小麦杂种F_1的杂种优势水平作了测定。试验于1987年和1988年在新南威尔士州的Narrabi地区进行。每年各以3个不同播期(共代表6个环境)将杂种F_1及其亲本种成设有重复的穴播小区。试验结果表明,在6个环境下杂种的平均产量均超过了它们的亲本,最高的超中亲和超高亲优势分别高达31.5%和26.8%。最好的杂种比最好的对照品种产量高出18.2%。杂种在所有环境下的产量稍比亲本的稳定一些,但差异不显著。籽粒蛋白质含量的杂种优势多为负值,但有些杂种的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量都超过了对照品种。产量构成分析表明,没有一个固定的产量构成模式可以用来获得产量超亲的杂种。本研究获得的杂种优势水平及其超过最优纯系对照品种的绝对产量优势足以说明可以在新南威尔士北部地区推广种植杂种小麦。
In order to evaluate the resource materials for cultivating wheat hybrids, the heterosis level of F 1 was determined under the conditions of dry land in Australia. The trial was conducted in 1987 and 1988 in the Narrabi area of New South Wales. Each year, three different sowing dates (representing a total of six environments) were used to breed hybrid F_1 and its parents with repeatable sowing plots. The results showed that the average yield of hybrids exceeded their parents in 6 environments, and the highest super-middle-affinity and super-high parental advantages were as high as 31.5% and 26.8% respectively. The best hybrids produced 18.2% more yield than the best control. The yield of hybrids in all environments was slightly more stable than that of the parents, but the difference was insignificant. The heterosis of grain protein content was mostly negative, but some of the hybrids had more grain yield and protein content than the control variety. Yield structure analysis shows that none of the fixed patterns of yield composition can be used to obtain cross-yielding hybrids. The level of heterosis obtained in this study and its absolute yield superiority over that of the optimal pure-line control variety are sufficient evidence to suggest the possibility of popularizing hybrid wheat in northern New South Wales.