目的探讨羊水细胞培养、防止染色体病患儿出生的意义。方法 1562例妊娠17~27周的孕妇在超声引导下进行羊膜腔穿刺,并细胞培养及染色体核型分析。结果检出异常核型102例,其中21三体10例,18三体1例,数目异常嵌合体2例,性染色体数目异常5例,结构异常1例,常染色体结构异常13例,染色体多态性70例。年龄≥35岁孕妇核型异常者20例,占7.38%。有17例因胎儿染色体异常而引产。结论羊水细胞学检查作为一项产前诊断技术是安全可靠的,对指导优生优育具有重要作用。 Objective To investigate the significance of amniotic fluid cell culture to prevent the birth of children with chromosomal disease. Methods 1562 pregnant women with gestational age from 17 to 27 weeks underwent ultrasound-guided amniocentesis. Cell culture and chromosome karyotype analysis were performed. Results There were 102 cases with abnormal karyotype detected, among which 21 were trisomy 21, 1 was trisomy 18, 2 were abnormal mosaicism, 5 were abnormal chromosome number, 1 was structural abnormality, 13 were autosomal abnormality, 70 cases of state. 20 cases of abnormal karyotype of pregnant women ≥35 years old, accounting for 7.38%. There are 17 cases of abortion due to fetal chromosomal abortion. Conclusion Amniotic fluid cytology as a prenatal diagnostic technique is safe and reliable, which plays an important role in guiding prenatal and postnatal care.