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以湘西植烟土壤为研究对象,通过烤烟生产调查和土壤性状分析,采用相关分析和主成分分析构建土壤质量评价的最小数据集,进而系统性评价植烟土壤质量状况。结果表明:植烟土壤pH和砂粒等特性变异中等(18%),而一些微量元素和速效养分含量变异较强(63%~134%);土壤pH值、有机质、砂粒含量、全氮、全钾和有效硫适宜,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量偏高,而土壤全磷和一些微量元素(钼、硼)缺乏。筛选出用于评价植烟土壤质量的最小数据集,包含了土壤有机质、砂粒、速效钾、有效磷、全钾和有效钼;根据综合质量指标大小将植烟土壤质量分为优、良、中、较差和差5个等级,属于良等级以上土壤植烟区所占比例为37.4%,中等级别土壤占比43.8%,较差等级以下土壤占比18.8%。
Taking tobacco growing in western Hunan as the research object, through the investigation of flue-cured tobacco production and analysis of soil properties, the minimum data set of soil quality evaluation was constructed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and then the quality of tobacco soil was evaluated systematically. The results showed that soil pH and grit characteristics were moderate (18%), while some trace elements and available nutrients varied strongly (63% -134%). Soil pH, organic matter, sand content, total nitrogen and total Suitable potassium and available sulfur, high content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and total phosphorus and some trace elements (molybdenum and boron) in the soil were deficient. The minimum data set for evaluating tobacco soil quality was screened out, which included soil organic matter, sand, available potassium, available phosphorus, total potassium and available molybdenum. The quality of tobacco soil was divided into excellent, good, medium , 5 poor and 5 poor. The proportions of tobacco-growing areas above the good grade were 37.4%, the middle-grade soil 43.8% and the lower-grade soil 18.8%.