Schwann cells are the main force in spontaneous regeneration after peripheral nerve injury.The neurotrophic factors could promote the regeneration,but clinical applications of these factors are limited by some constraints.Hence,searching for new substances to elevate the function of Schwann cells and facilitate the regeneration of nerve is urgently needed.Syringic acid (SA)is a natural product with neuroprotective activity in vivo,but the role of SA on Schwann cells remains unclear.In this study,we for the first time found that SA was able to promote the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells,two important abilities in the process of regeneration.Then,microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was performed and 26 differentially expressed miRNAs (22 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated) were identified.Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analyses found that the target genes of these miRNAs were mainly enriched in cellular response to chemical stimulus and cancerrelated pathways,respectively.Subsequently,the levels of top 6 down-regulated miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR and miR-451-5p was shown to be the most down-regulated one.Further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of miR-451-5p significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells.These results suggested that SA promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells via down-regulation of miR-451-5p,and SA could be developed into a promising nutritional supplement to assist peripheral nerve regeneration.