保护性耕作措施是干旱区农田提高作物产量的有效耕作技术,为研究其在冷凉区域的适用性,于2004～2009年,以中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站黑土农田为研究对象,开展了免耕秸秆覆盖、少耕和传统旋耕3种耕作措施长期定位对比研究。结果表明:在大豆玉米轮作制度下,实施免耕秸秆覆盖和少耕的保护性耕作方式,连续3 a免耕大豆产量均表现为增产,平均增产10%,少耕大豆表现为2 a增产,平均增产3.7%,而2006年略减产4.6%,在2004和2008年保护性耕作措施下作物产量和传统耕作相比,都达到显著性差异水平(P<0.05)。免耕玉米明显减产,3 a平均减产28%,少耕玉米表现为2 a减产,平均减产7%,连续3 a免耕玉米产量与少耕和传统耕作相比差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,免耕可显著提高表层土壤含水量,且垄沟土壤含水量总体高于垄台。分析3 a播种期表层土壤温度,总体表现为免耕<少耕<传统耕作,平均免耕较少耕和传统耕作分别低约1.6℃和2.8℃,NT春季土壤的低温效应对玉米出苗及前期生长影响较大,对大豆影响不明显。 Conservation tillage measures are effective tillage techniques to increase crop yields in arable land in arid areas. In order to study its applicability in cold and cool areas, from 2004 to 2009, black soil farmlands at Helen Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Contrast Study on Long - term Positioning of Three Tillage Measures with Tillage with Straw, Less Tillage and Traditional Rotary Tillage. The results showed that no-tillage straw mulching and no-tillage conservation tillage were implemented under the system of soybean and maize rotation. The yield of no-till soybean for three consecutive years showed an increase of yield with an average increase of 10% With an average increase of 3.7% and a slight decrease of 4.6% in 2006. Compared with the traditional tillage under conservation tillage in 2004 and 2008, the crop yield achieved significant differences (P <0.05). The yield of no-tillage maize was significantly reduced. The yield was reduced by 28% on average in 3 years. The yield of reduced tillage maize was reduced by 2 a with an average reduction of 7%. The yield of no-tillage maize for 3 consecutive years was significantly different from that of tillage and conventional tillage (P <0.05). In addition, no-tillage can significantly increase the surface soil moisture content, and ditches soil water content is generally higher than the ridge. The surface soil temperature at 3 years of sowing period was analyzed as follows: no-tillage