牛黄、蟾酥为我国传统的中药材,是多种名贵中成药的重要原料之一。由于它们功效卓著,价昂而短缺,故在商品中常有掺假品的出现。为了确保用药质量和疗效,现将牛黄、蟾酥的鉴别方法分述于下。牛黄牛黄为牛科动物黄牛或水牛的胆囊、胆管或肝管中的结石。商品分蛋黄、印黄和管黄三种。蛋黄为卵圆形,或不规则的球形;印黄为类方形、类三角形或多角形。此两种均为胆囊结石。管黄为管状,实心或空心,多为胆管结石。表面均呈金黄色或棕黄色,颜色深浅不一,细腻而光亮,有时外部挂有一层黑色光亮的薄膜,习称“乌金衣”,有的 Niuhuang and Lusu are traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and they are one of the important raw materials for various valuable proprietary Chinese medicines. Because they are highly effective and expensive, they are often adulterated. In order to ensure the quality and efficacy of the drug, the identification methods for bezoar and osmanthus are described below. Taurus is a stone in the gall bladder, bile duct, or hepatic duct of a bovine calf or buffalo. The goods are divided into egg yolks, printed yellows, and tube yellows. Egg yolks are ovoid, or irregularly spherical; yellows are square, triangular or polygonal. Both of these are gallstones. Tube yellow is tubular, solid or hollow, mostly bile duct stones. The surface is golden yellow or brownish yellow, with different shades of color, delicate and bright, sometimes with a layer of black glossy film hanging outside.