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在中小学生的个别辅导过程中，辅导教师常常会碰到某些学生在陈述问题时漫无头绪、杂乱无章的情况。出现这种现象的原因，有可能是当时咨访关系尚未建立、来访者存有紧张或戒备心理所致，但更有可能是来访者心理压力较大，或感到自我迷茫，由此而造成的思路混乱。遇到这种情况时，辅导教师可采取鼓励、释义与摘要的技术，以帮助来访学生理清头绪，将叙述的重点转向重要的方向，并指向实质性的问题。
In the individual counseling process for primary and secondary school students, tutors often encounter some cynical and disorderly situations when some students are presenting their questions. The reasons for this phenomenon may be due to the fact that the relationship between the two parties had not yet been established and the visitors were either mentally alert or mentally challenged but more likely to be those with more psychological pressure or feeling self-confused Chaos of ideas. When this happens, tutors can adopt techniques of encouragement, paraphrase, and abstracts to help the visiting student clarify the clues, shift the narrative focus to important directions, and point to substantive issues.