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目的：观察不同剂量甘露醇对兔肾脏功能及结构的影响，从动物实验复制甘露醇诱导急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）动物模型并探讨其功能与结构的关系。方法：２２只健康新西兰大白兔随机分为４组。分别给予小剂量甘露醇，生理盐水，大剂量甘露醇并自由饮水，大剂量甘露醇并限制饮水，观察肾脏功能及结构的变化。结果：小剂量甘露醇组血尿素氮（ＢＵＮ），肌酐（Ｓｃｒ），内生肌酐清除率（Ｃｃｒ）等与生理盐水对照组比较差异均不显著（Ｐ均＞０．０５）。大剂量甘露醇并限制进水组，动物均死亡。大剂量甘露醇并自由饮水组ＢＵＮ，Ｓｃｒ明显上升，Ｃｃｒ明显下降，出现急性肾功能衰竭。肾脏光镜及电镜检查显示：小剂量组甘露醇致轻度肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性，大剂量组甘露醇致肾小管上皮细胞广泛空泡变性，刷状缘绒毛排列紊乱，稀疏，部份脱落，大多数线粒体嵴模糊或消失呈空泡变，胞浆溶酶体数目减少，显示较严重的急性肾小管损伤病理形态学改变。结论：小剂量甘露醇对健康大白兔肾功能无明显不良影响。大剂量甘露醇可致动物死亡或诱导急性肾衰并较严重的急性肾小管损伤
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different doses of mannitol on renal function and structure in rabbits. Animal models of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by mannitol were established and the relationship between function and structure was explored. Methods: Twenty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Small doses of mannitol, saline, high-dose mannitol were given and free access to water, high doses of mannitol and limit drinking water to observe the changes in renal function and structure. Results: The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Scr) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) in the low dose mannitol group were not significantly different from those in the saline control group (all P> 0.05). High-dose mannitol and water-restricted group, animals died. Large doses of mannitol and free water drinking group BUN, Scr significantly increased, Ccr decreased significantly, acute renal failure. Kidney light microscopy and electron microscopy showed: small doses of mannitol induced mild tubular epithelial cells vacuolar degeneration, large doses of mannitol induced renal tubular epithelial cells extensive vacuolar degeneration, brush edge villi arranged in disorder, sparse, part Shedding, most of the mitochondrial cristae were blurred or disappeared vacuolar changes, the number of cytoplasmic lysosomes decreased, showing more serious pathological changes of acute tubular injury. Conclusion: Low dose mannitol has no adverse effect on renal function in healthy rabbits. High-dose mannitol can cause death of animals or induce acute renal failure and more severe acute tubular injury