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20世纪60年代后期的抗议运动中,赫伯特·马尔库塞是人尽皆知的关键性人物。他游遍欧洲,会见和平活动家和学生领袖。1967年,他在伦敦宣讲了一个理论:社会可以是件艺术品。这在当时是一个颇有些奇怪的说法,因为不论是在美学领域还是在政治领域,艺术和社会通常被认为是对立的。但是,马尔库塞论证说,一个新社会的存在,不但需要被创造性地想象,而且还需要一种新感性和新意识。后来,他论证道,美——美学研究的传统对象——被彻底地从主流社会的压抑中分离开来,美阻断了这种压抑,并提供了对于记忆中自由的一瞥。本文将把马尔库塞的思想置于这一时期的时代背景及其反传统文化的背景中加以考察,并概括出他的论述的主要内容。
Herbert Marcuse was a well-known pivotal figure in the protests of the late 1960s. He traveled to Europe to meet with peace activists and student leaders. In 1967 he preached a theory in London: Society can be a work of art. This was a rather weird statement at the time, as art and society were generally considered antithetical, both in the field of aesthetics and in politics. However, Marcuse argues that the existence of a new society requires not only creative imagination, but also a new sense of sentiment and new consciousness. Later, he argued that beauty, the traditional object of aesthetic studies, was completely separated from the repression of mainstream society, that the United States blocked the repression and provided a glimpse of freedom in memory. This essay will examine Marcuse’s thought in the background of this era and its anti-traditional culture, and summarize the main contents of his discourse.