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目的了解重庆市合川区百岁老人膳食结构、生活习惯及饮食行为相关因素。方法对2011年12月30日重庆市合川区民政局居民信息库登记的54名百岁老人进行问卷调查,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、居住环境、患病情况、饮食习惯、膳食结构、吸烟、饮酒等情况。采用EXCEL 2003及SPSS 11.5统计软件进行数据描述分析。结果 54名百岁老人中,每日固定3餐者占92.59%;就餐时间固定者占85.19%;每餐食量保持7~8分饱者占94.44%;口味清淡者占75.93%。54名百岁老人膳食均以主食和蔬菜为主:每日吃水果类者占24.07%;每日吃禽蛋类者占14.82%;每日吃畜肉类者占59.26%;每周吃鱼虾类者占5.56%、每月吃鱼虾类者占64.81%;每日吃奶制品者占16.67%、每周吃奶制品者占74.07%;每日吃豆及豆制品者占18.52%。54名百岁老人中,曾吸烟者18人,占33.33%,现在仍吸烟者1人,占1.85%;曾饮酒者21人,占38.89%,现在仍饮酒者6人,占11.11%。结论合川地区长寿老人进食规律、食量有控制,以植物性食物为主。吸烟饮酒行为随着年龄的增长而减少,应加强健康科普知识宣传,倡导健康生活方式和良好的行为习惯。
Objective To understand the dietary composition, lifestyle and dietary behaviors of centenarians in Hechuan District of Chongqing. Methods A total of 54 centenarians registered in the Hechuan District Bureau of Civil Affairs Bureau of Chongqing Municipality on December 30, 2011 were surveyed, including gender, age, educational level, occupation, living environment, prevalence, eating habits, dietary structure , Smoking, drinking and so on. Using EXCEL 2003 and SPSS 11.5 statistical software for data description analysis. Results Among the 54 centenarians, 92.59% were fixed daily for 3 meals, 85.19% were for fixed meals, 94.44% were for 7-8 meals per meal, and 75.93% for those with light tastes. 54 centenarians were mainly staple foods and vegetables: 24.07% were eating fruits daily, 14.82% eating poultry eggs daily, 59.26% eating meat and meat daily, and eating fish and shrimp weekly 5.56% of them are class, 64.81% of them eat fish and shrimps each month, 16.67% of daily dairy products, 74.07% of dairy products a week, and 18.52% of daily eat beans and soy products. Of the 54 centenarians, 18 smokers were smokers, accounting for 33.33% of all smokers. Currently, 1 smoker still holds 1.85% of smokers, 21 of them have drinkers, accounting for 38.89% of all smokers. Currently, 6 of them still drink alcohol, accounting for 11.11%. Conclusion The eating habits of longevity elders in Hechuan area are controlled by food intake and mainly by plant foods. Smoking and drinking behaviors decrease with age, health science popularization should be strengthened, advocate healthy life style and good behavior.