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本文对精密测量技术的最新进展以及它们在确定基本常数方面的作用作了评述。特別引人注目的进展是高稳定的钟,提出用时间标准对米的重新定义和用以保持电标准的精度的提高。对精密测量与广义相对论试验的相关性作了简略的讨论。物理学方面一个重要的但在很大程度上未被认识的领域包括计量学、测量学和将有关测量和理论联系起来的基本常数的确定。现代的技术世界愈来愈需要精度,但对所需测量工具的起源却几乎一无所知。五十年前还没有动向要为在雾中航行时速为1000公里的飞机制造一个精度可达30米的钟系统。但是,一些寻求不断提高基本理论实验精度的科学家们已经提供了完成这一当今很平凡的工作的工具。最近的进展已使计量领域可能成为在本世纪末前取得惊人进展的新的开端。本文将对一些新的进展加以概述并讨论其前景。
This article reviews recent advances in precision measurement techniques and their role in determining basic constants. Particularly remarkable progress is the high stability of the clock, which proposes the redefinition of the meter with time standards and the improvement of the accuracy used to maintain the electrical standards. The correlation between the precision measurement and general relativity test is briefly discussed. An important but largely unrecognized area of physics includes metrology, metrology, and the determination of basic constants that relate measurements and theory. The modern world of technology increasingly requires precision, but barely knows anything about the origins of the required measurement tools. Fifty years ago there was no movement to create a clock system with an accuracy of up to 30 meters for aircraft flying at a speed of 1,000 kilometers in the fog. However, some scientists seeking to constantly improve the accuracy of basic theoretical experiments have provided the tools to accomplish this extraordinary job today. Recent progress has made the area of metrology a new beginning for dramatic progress by the end of this century. This article will outline some of the new developments and discuss their prospects.