倘若理性地审视传统中国绘画,宋元以降,人物画受重视的程度远不及山水、花鸟。然而,作为人物画类型之一的肖像画,由于具有无法取代的社会功能,长期以来却丝毫没有受到整体并不发达的人物画影响,在主流绘画之外,一直受到人们的欢迎,并获得了长足的发展。如果说在文人画占据画坛主流以前,肖像画创作者尚包括许多其时受人尊敬的画坛主流名家的话,那么,在文人画一统天下之后,士夫画家们便很少涉足这一领域了,肖像画渐渐成了民间艺人和一部分宫廷画家代代口传心授的“秘技”。事实上,广泛流传于民间的肖像画,自蒙元以来,已成为中国肖像画的中坚。本文拟对明清以来徽州地区十分盛行的肖像艺术——容像画存在的几种类型作一基本分析。 If we look at the traditional Chinese painting rationally, the extent to which the portrait paintings are valued by the Song and Yuan dynasties is far less than that of landscapes, flowers and birds. However, portraits, one of the types of portraits, have not been affected by the whole undeveloped portraits for a long time due to their irreplaceable social functions. They have been well received by the mainstream and have gained considerable popularity development of. If before the literati paintings occupied the mainstream of the painting scene, the portraits of the portraits still included many masters of the most respected art circles nowadays, then the masters of brush painting seldom set foot in this field after the literati paintings were united. Portraits Gradually became a folk artist and part of court painters pass on behalf of the heart of the “secret technology.” In fact, portraits widely circulated in the private sector have become the backbone of Chinese portraits since the Yuan Dynasty. This article attempts to make a basic analysis of several types of portraits, the portraits of portraits, which are very prevalent in Huizhou area since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.