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中国是食管癌高发国家，中晚期食管癌不仅给患者生命健康带来严重威胁，也给其家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担。食管癌的早诊早治一直是临床医学研究的热点，而胃镜筛查是食管癌早诊早治的关键，人工智能的发展有望在内镜检查和质控等方面为食管癌早诊早治提供新的辅助手段。文章通过概述人工智能在早期食管癌内镜诊断中的应用和发展，归纳了人工智能在早期食管癌诊断中的研究结果，阐明其应用的重要性，总结了人工智能在早期食管癌内镜诊断中的难点及问题，并对未来人工智能在食管癌内镜诊断中的应用进行展望。“,”China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Advanced esophageal cancer not only brings serious threat to the health of patients, but also brings heavy economic burden to their families and society. Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer are always the hot spot in clinical research, and gastroscopy screening is the key point. The development of artificial intelligence is expected to provide new mean for early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer in the aspects of endoscopy procedure and quality control.Through a brief overview of the concept and development of artificial intelligence in endoscopic diagnosis of superficial esophageal cancer, this study summarizes and reviews the research progress of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of superficial esophageal carcinoma, and illustrates the importance of its application. This study also discusses the main problems and difficulties of artificial intelligence in the endoscopic diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma. It prospects the application of artificial intelligence in endoscopic esophageal diagnosis in the future.