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三、防止船舶污染海洋的国际公约和其它标准 1954年国际防止海洋油污公约的主要目的是保护海洋和海岸不被油污。为此目的,公约规定了离岸至少50浬的海域为不准排放油和油混合物(即含油量在100PPM以上的混合物)的禁区,规定对违法船舶处以罚款,并制定了要求船舶备有的油类记录簿的格式。 海协于1962年召开了一次国际防止海洋油污会议,修正了1954年公约。1962年的修正案提高了公约的要求,主要是扩大了禁区,禁止二万总吨以上的新船排放100PPM以上的油混合物,使公约适用于更小的油轮,即150总吨以
III. International Conventions and Other Standards for Preventing the Pollution of Ships by Marine The main purpose of the 1954 International Convention for the Prevention of Offshore Oil Pollution is to protect the sea and the coast from oil pollution. To this end, the Convention stipulates that a sea area of at least 50 离 offshore shall be a restricted area for not allowing the discharge of oil and oil mixtures (ie, mixtures containing more than 100 ppm oil), imposing a fine on the unlawful vessel and establishing a Oil record book format. In 1962, ARATS held an international conference on preventing sea oil and amending the 1954 Convention. The 1962 Amendment raised the bar of the Convention, mainly by expanding the exclusion zone and banning new ships above 20 000 gross tonnage from discharging oil mixtures above 100 PPM, making the Convention applicable to smaller tankers of 150 gross tonnage