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滩涂是陆地与海洋间重要的生态交错带以及生态系统之一,随着沿海地区经济的发展,滩涂围垦成为缓解区域土地利用压力的重要途径之一。论文通过对不同围垦年限以及不同人类干扰强度下土壤粒径分布(Particle Size Distribution)的时空差异研究,比较了自然演变和人类活动双重影响下,垦区环境的变化过程及影响因素。结果表明:1)在60 a的围垦过程中,在强烈、中度和无人类干扰强度下,土壤粒径分布均表现出在脱盐过程中随围垦年限增加而砂粒减少、粉粒和粘粒增加的过程,脱盐后砂粒的年均下降率可达0.72%;2)在无干扰强度下,土壤粒径分布反映出滩涂围垦和脱离海水影响的自然过程,而强烈和中度干扰强度则在此基础上反映出人为和自然干扰的综合效果;3)耕种方式、时间以及土壤侵蚀等因素均会对土壤粒径分布的变化强度造成影响而表现出显著的空间差异性;4)土壤粒径的时空分布可以综合反映出滩涂围垦区的环境特点,对指导垦区内土地资源的合理开发利用具有重要意义。在长期的围垦过程中,不同的开发利用时间及区位表现出了不同的关键影响因素,使垦区内土地利用格局和资源配置仍存在诸多不合理之处,随之带来相应的环境问题必须引起重视,为未来滩涂围垦区的合理规划提供理论依据。
Tidal flat is one of the most important ecotone and ecological system between land and ocean. With the development of coastal economy, reclamation of tidal flat has become one of the important ways to relieve the pressure of land use in the region. Through the research on the spatial and temporal variations of Particle Size Distribution under different reclamation years and different human disturbance intensities, the paper compared the process of environmental changes and the influencing factors of reclamation area under the dual influence of natural evolution and human activities. The results showed as follows: 1) During the 60-day reclamation process, the distribution of soil particle size under strong, moderate and no human interference intensity showed that with the increase of reclamation age, the grain size decreased, while the silt and clay increased , The average annual descent rate of sand after desalination can reach 0.72%; 2) The soil particle size distribution reflects the natural process of reclamation and out of seawater under no-disturbance intensity, while the intensity of strong and moderate disturbance is here Based on which the comprehensive effect of man-made and natural disturbance is reflected; 3) Factors such as tillage method, time and soil erosion all have significant spatial differences on the intensity of change of soil particle size distribution; 4) Spatiotemporal distribution can comprehensively reflect the environmental characteristics of reclamation area, which is of great significance to guide the rational exploitation and utilization of land resources in reclamation area. In the long-term reclamation process, different development and utilization time and location show different key influencing factors, so that there are still many unreasonable land use patterns and resource allocation in the reclamation area, with which the corresponding environmental problems must be caused Attention, provide a theoretical basis for the rational planning of the reclamation area of the tidal flat in the future.