发展中国家水利基础设施约 90 %的投资来自国内 ,主要是国营部门。水利投资约占政府经费的 15 %。过度依赖国营部门的情况说明 ,让国营和私营部门各自发挥作用的全球性改革对水利经济的筹资和结构具有重要意义。近几年来 ,电力工业出现了竞争和私营部门参与的新特点。这种变化对水电提出了挑战 ,因为水电的风险 (水文、地质、社会和环境 )比火电的大得多 ,而国营部门比私营部门较能承受这些风险。私营水电、以至水电本身的未来 ,主要依赖于国营部门与私营部门分担风险 ,以及制订有关社会和环境的规章制度 About 90% of the investment in water infrastructure in developing countries comes from China, mainly from the state sector. Water conservancy investment accounts for about 15% of government funding. The over-reliance on the state sector shows that global reforms that make the respective roles of the state and private sectors play an important role in financing and structuring the water economy. In recent years, the power industry has emerged with new features of competition and private-sector involvement. This change posed a challenge to hydropower, as hydropower risks (hydrology, geology, society and environment) were much greater than those of thermal power, while the state sector was more able to withstand these risks than the private sector. Private hydropower and even the future of hydropower itself rely mainly on the sharing of risks between the public sector and the private sector and the formulation of social and environmental rules and regulations