“水善利万物而不争”是《老子》书里的一句话。老子哲学的中心观念是“道”。他认为水“几于道”,也就是说水是最近似于“道”的一种实体。所以,“水”在老子哲学中占有突出的地位,老子哲学亦可称之为“水的哲学”。古希腊在与我国老子、孔子约略同时也有一位哲人泰勒斯提出了“水是万物的质料因”这个命题。古印度哲学中把水作为“四大”之一,也就是说水是构成万物的四种基本元素之一。这种文化上的共性,也许正是反映了人类文明的起源与发展都和江河湖海有关。江河湖海的主体是水,作为环境则都是“水境”。有人硬要用所谓海洋文明来否定大河文明,认为其中存在某种兴衰和替代关系。这是一种现代神话。江河湖海的具体特点虽 “Water and benefit all things without fighting” is “Lao Tzu” a word in the book. The central idea of ​​Lao Tzu philosophy is Tao. He thinks water is “just a few ways,” meaning that water is the closest entity to Tao. Therefore, “water” occupies a prominent position in Laozi philosophy, Laozi philosophy can also be called “philosophy of water.” Ancient Greece at the same time with my father, Confucius, there is also a philosopher Thales put forward the “water is the material for all things,” the proposition. In ancient Indian philosophy, water was one of the “four major”, that is, water was one of the four basic elements that make up all things. This cultural commonality may well reflect that the origins and development of human civilization are related to rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes are the main water, as the environment is all “water.” Someone insisted that the so-called marine civilization should be used to negate the great civilization and that there is some kind of rise and fall and substitution. This is a modern myth. Although the specific characteristics of rivers and lakes