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目的了解肾移植受者出院后的自我管理行为、健康状况及两者之间的关系。方法采用便利抽样法,对广东省广州市2所三甲医院接受肾移植受者进行自我管理行为、健康状况问卷调查。结果共发放问卷230份,有效问卷203份,有效率为88.26%;肾移植受者出院后进行体能锻炼时间为(27.41±47.61)分/周,耐力锻炼时间为(117.86±98.29)分/周,认知性症状管理得分为(1.37±0.84)分,与医生的沟通得分为(1.96±0.93)分;出院后并发症发生率为72.90%。排在前5位的并发症依次为感染(32.51%)、药物性肝损害(29.10%)、高血压(25.60%)、急性排斥反应(18.72%)、糖尿病(5.90%);自我管理行为与健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)总分及其8个维度得分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论医护人员有必要对出院后的肾移植受者进行自我管理行为的健康教育,以提高其生命质量,减少并发症。
Objective To understand the self-management behavior, health status and the relationship between renal transplant recipients after discharge. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to investigate the self-management behaviors and health status of renal transplant recipients in 2 top 3 hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. RESULTS: A total of 230 questionnaires were sent out and 203 valid questionnaires were validated. The effective rate was 88.26%. The physical training time after discharge was (27.41 ± 47.61) points / week, and the endurance training time was (117.86 ± 98.29) points / week (1.37 ± 0.84) points for cognitive symptoms management, (1.96 ± 0.93) points for communication with doctors, and 72.90% for postoperative complications. The top five complications were infection (32.51%), medicinal liver injury (29.10%), hypertension (25.60%), acute rejection (18.72%) and diabetes mellitus (5.90% The score of health status questionnaire (SF-36) and its eight dimensions were positively correlated (P <0.05). Conclusion It is necessary for health care workers to carry out self-management health education on discharged renal transplant recipients to improve their quality of life and reduce complications.