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针对球头刀在3轴或3+2轴机床加工小曲率面存在效率低的问题,对使用环形刀加工汽车模具的相关问题进行了研究.为有效分析刀具的铣削性能,提出以刀具单次独立切入工件的有效切削带宽代替加工带宽.基于几何切触关系,分别分析了环形刀与球头刀和曲面刀触点处的切削速度,并提出基于刀具切入工件部分在刀触点切平面内的投影,建立3轴铣削条件下有效切削带宽与刀具、曲面坡度、切深、进给方向等参数间的数学模型,为环形刀在3轴加工中的刀路优化提供依据.小曲率面加工实验表明:与球头刀相比,环形刀可提高加工效率27.27%,并能够抑制毛刺的产生,且具有较好的表面质量.
Aiming at the problem of low efficiency of ball nose knife machining on small curvature surface of 3-axis or 3 + 2-axis machine tool, the related problems of using ring knife to process automobile mold are studied.In order to effectively analyze the milling performance of cutter, The effective cutting bandwidth of the workpiece is changed independently of the processing bandwidth.Based on the geometrical tangent relationship, the cutting speeds of the torus and the ball nose and the surface knife are analyzed respectively. The mathematical model between the effective cutting bandwidth and the parameters of the tool, the surface gradient, the depth of cut and the feed direction under the condition of 3-axis milling is established to provide the basis for the optimization of the tool path in the 3-axis machining of the ring-shaped knife. Experiments show that: compared with the ball head knife, the ring knife can improve the processing efficiency of 27.27%, and can inhibit the generation of burrs, and has a good surface quality.