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外伤性视神经病变(TON)是头面部外伤后视功能损害的重要原因之一.与成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)神经元一样,视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的轴突在视神经损伤后通常不能自发再生,从而导致不可逆的视功能丧失.RGC轴突不能再生的原因被归结为视神经损伤后RGC的凋亡、成熟神经元丧失固有的再生能力、缺乏合适的再生刺激信号、视神经损伤局部的抑制性细胞外微环境.本文阐述了激活RGC的再生潜能、阻断抑制轴突再生的信号传导、给予适当的再生刺激信号等途径促进视神经再生的研究现状,以及以腺相关病毒为载体的基因治疗在视神经再生中的应用潜能.“,”Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is commonly associated with blunt ocular trauma and craniofacial injuries,leading irreversible visual impairment.Like other mammalian mature central nerve system (CNS) neurons,retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is normally unable to regenerate axon spontaneously after optic nerve injury.The failure of axon regeneration has been attributed to the apoptosis of RGC,loss of intrinsic growth capacity of mature neurons,lack of suitable stimuli,and inhibition of extracellular environment.Via activating the intrinsic growth capacity of mature RGC,overcoming the inhibitory extracellular environment of damaged optic nerve,and providing appropriate inflammatory stimuli to initiate the regeneration process,mature RGC can be transformed into an active regenerative state allowing these neurons to survive axotomy and to regenerate axons in the injured optic nerve.Moreover,exploiting gene therapy based on adeno-associated virus may be a promising translatable treatment strategy for TON.