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目的了解家庭环境对5岁以下儿童死亡的影响,探索降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的社会家庭干预方法。方法从十堰市2011-2013年5岁以下儿童死亡监测报告卡中随机抽取一定数量的死亡儿童,并以1∶1的配对比例,选取同样数量的存活儿童作为对照组,采用病例-对照的问卷调查法,对儿童家庭环境进行回顾性调查。结果两组儿童家庭环境比较,儿童父母及主要亲戚受教育程度、母亲孕期及儿童出生后的卫生保健、家庭内部和睦程度、家庭经济条件、急救药品的配备、家庭社会关系、儿童是否属计划外生育、是否是留守儿童、家庭周围地理环境、交通环境以及家庭周围5km内是否有医疗机构等因素对儿童死亡有影响。结论要加强家庭卫生保健和内外环境安全,提高5岁以下儿童死亡前的医疗保健服务利用,降低儿童死亡率。
Objectives To understand the impact of the family environment on the death of children under 5 years of age and to explore social-family interventions to reduce the mortality of children under 5 years of age. Methods A certain number of death children were randomly selected from the death monitoring report card for children under 5 years of age from 2011 to 2013 in Shiyan. The same number of surviving children were selected as the control group in a 1: 1 matching ratio. The case-control questionnaire Survey method, a retrospective survey of children’s family environment. Results Comparing the family environment of two groups of children, the level of education of parents and their relatives, the health care of mothers during pregnancy and childbirth, the degree of family harmony, family economic conditions, provision of emergency medicine, family social relations, whether children are unplanned Factors such as childbirth, whether left behind or not, the geographical environment around the home, the traffic environment, and whether there are medical institutions within 5km around the home have an impact on child mortality. Conclusions Family health care and the internal and external environmental safety should be strengthened to increase the utilization of health care services before the death of children under 5 and to reduce the child mortality rate.