染色体不稳定性是癌细胞的一个普遍特征,并且可能是肿瘤形成的重要机制。绝大多数肿瘤表现为染色体不稳定性。多种细胞机制功能障碍将导致染色体不稳定性,包括染色体分离、DNA损伤反应、细胞周期检查点、端粒功能等。通过分子和细胞生物学研究揭示了一些染色体不稳定性可能的分子机制及其与肿瘤发生的关系。从而为肿瘤发生的分子机制的研究拓展了新的视野,为肿瘤的诊断、分型、治疗、预后提供了新的思路。 Chromosomal instability is a common feature of cancer cells and may be an important mechanism of tumor formation. The vast majority of tumors showed chromosomal instability. A variety of cellular mechanisms dysfunction will lead to chromosomal instability, including chromosome segregation, DNA damage response, cell cycle checkpoint, telomere function. Through molecular and cell biology studies revealed some possible molecular mechanisms of chromosome instability and its relationship with tumorigenesis. Therefore, the research on the molecular mechanism of tumor development has expanded the new field of vision and provided new ideas for the diagnosis, classification, treatment and prognosis of tumors.