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建国初期,随着国家防疫力量进入到基层社会,新生人民政权掀起了针对各类传染性疾病的防疫运动,在有效控制鼠疫等传染性疾病流行的同时,既整体又细密地重整了乡村社会。此种囊括了日常生活方方面面的防疫运动构成了一种特殊的国家卫生工作实践。本文以地方卫生档案材料为基础,考察1949-1952年内蒙古东部乡村社会从以捕杀老鼠为中心的防疫运动到抗击“毒虫入侵”的反细菌战的历史过程。文章着重分析防疫工作构建的“生物秩序”在基层社会中的操练,以此为线索考察防疫运动如何得以铺展、升级以及最终在社会展演中达到高潮。
In the early days after the founding of New China, as the national epidemic prevention forces entered the grassroots society, the new people’s regime set off a campaign against all kinds of infectious diseases. While effectively controlling the epidemic of infectious diseases such as the plague, it not only reorganized the rural community as a whole but also in close detail . This includes all aspects of daily life, epidemic prevention campaigns constitute a special practice of national health work. Based on the local health archival materials, this paper examines the historical process of the anti-bacterial warfare in 1949-1952 in eastern rural villages in Inner Mongolia from hunting and killing mice as the center to fighting against “poisonous insects”. This article focuses on analyzing the practice of “biological order ” constructed in the epidemic prevention work in grassroots society as a clue to see how the epidemic prevention campaign can be spread out, upgraded and culminated in social performances.