黄疸为临床上常见的体征,其病因复杂繁多,一般以胆道疾患,如胆囊炎、胆石、胆管炎或肝脏疾病,如急性、慢性传染性肝炎、中毒性肝炎、肝硬化以及因红细胞破坏增多的溶血性黄疸为主要原因;而体质性(先天性)黄疸则较少见。过去由于对胆色索在肝细胞内的代谢缺乏了解,临床上又缺乏特异性的诊断方法,因而在鉴别诊断上有较大的困难,至今临床上对体质性黄疸,也常误诊为慢性胆道疾病而施以剖腹手术、胆囊切 Jaundice is a clinically common sign and its causes are complex and complicated. Common causes are biliary disorders such as cholecystitis, gallstones, cholangitis or liver diseases such as acute, chronic infectious hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis and increased erythrocyte destruction Hemolytic jaundice is the main reason; while constitutional (congenital) jaundice is less common. In the past because of the lack of understanding of the metabolism of the biliary cord in the liver cells, the clinical lack of specific diagnostic methods, and therefore in the differential diagnosis of greater difficulty, so far the clinical diagnosis of jaundice, often misdiagnosed as chronic biliary Cesarean section surgery and gallbladder incision