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以张家口高岭土、用二甲基亚砜、甲醇和不同烷基胺为原料,通过插层和置换反应,制备出了高岭石--不同烷基胺(一异丙胺、正丁胺、正己胺、十二胺)插层复合物,并对其结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明:烷基胺以甲氧基嫁接的高岭石为前驱体进入高岭石层间,使高岭石层间距由0.71nm扩大至1.24～4.23nm。随烷基胺分子碳链的增长,相应的高岭石插层复合物层间距亦增大,结构稳定性增加。烷基胺的插层可使高岭石片层剥离卷曲形成直径为30～100nm、长度为250～2 000nm的纳米管。纳米管的形貌及产率与烷基胺分子结构有关:烷基胺分子碳链越长,纳米卷产率越大,形貌越完整、直径越均一。烷基胺插层进入高岭石层间,不仅极大地降低了高岭石晶层间氢键,而且为高岭石片层向管状卷曲提供了充分自由空间。
The kaolinite - different alkylamines (monoisopropylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine) were prepared from kaolinite from Zhangjiakou using dimethylsulfoxide, methanol and different alkylamines as raw materials through intercalation and displacement reactions , Dodecylamine) intercalation complexes, and its structure and morphology were characterized. The results show that the alkylamine enters the kaolinite intercalation with methoxy grafted kaolinite, and the spacing of kaolinite layers increases from 0.71nm to 1.24 ~ 4.23nm. With the increase of molecular chain of alkylamine, the interlayer spacing of corresponding kaolinite intercalation compounds also increases, and the structural stability increases. Intercalation of alkylamines results in stripping and curling of the kaolinite layer to form nanotubes 30 to 100 nm in diameter and 250 to 2 000 nm in length. The morphology and yield of nanotubes are related to the molecular structure of alkylamines: the longer the molecular carbon chain of alkylamine molecules, the larger the yield of nanometer coils, the more complete morphology and the more uniform diameter. The intercalation of alkylamines into the kaolinite interlayers not only greatly reduces the hydrogen bonding between the kaolinite intergranular layers but also provides the kaolinite lamellae with sufficient free space for tubular crimping.