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Toll样受体( Toll-like receptors，TLRs )作为重要的模式识别受体( pattern recognition receptor，PRR) ，在先天性免疫应答和适应性免疫应答中都起到关键作用。近期研究表明，TLRs通路激活不仅与机体免疫应答相关，也与包括胃癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等多种实体肿瘤的发生、发展密切关联。作为TLRs家族一员，TLR5表达于多种免疫细胞并通过识别细菌鞭毛蛋白发挥生物学作用，还能在多种肿瘤细胞表面过度表达。肿瘤细胞表面TLR5的激活不仅直接影响肿瘤细胞自身的增殖、凋亡等一系列生物学功能，而且能调控宿主抗肿瘤免疫及肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸。将TLR5作为免疫治疗靶点，探索其在肿瘤临床治疗中的价值及相关生物学机制是未来TLRs研究领域的重要内容。“,”Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as important pattern recognition receptor (PRR), play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses.Recent studies have shown that the activation of TLRs pathway is not only related to the immune response, but also closely related to the tumorigenesis and solid tumor progression, including gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and so on.As a member of the TLRs family, TLR5 plays a biological role by recognizing bacterial flagellin, and its role in cancer immunotherapy has attracted much attention in recent years.In addition to the expression of a variety of immune cells, TLR5 is overexpressed on the surface of various tumor cells.The activation of TLR5 on the surface of tumor cells not only directly influences a series of biological functions such as proliferation and apoptosis, but also regulates host anti-tumor immunity and regulates the release of various cellular inflammatory factors and chemokines in tumor microenvironment and immune escape of tumor cells.In the future, it is important to take TLR5 as a target of immunotherapy and explore its value in clinical treatment and related biological mechanisms.