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工作环境研究早已在西方国家广泛兴起,并且在数量上已初具规模,但学界在概念、测量与理论发展等方面的认识仍有局限,甚至还存在不少误解。正因如此,本文采用2015年“全国社会态度与社会发展状况调查”的数据,试图构建以客观工作环境、组织工作环境和主观心理环境三维度组成的工作环境满意度量表,由此探寻我国城镇居民的工作环境状况。分析发现,我国城镇居民工作环境满意度较高,但工作时间超长、工作自主性较小、工作压力大等问题凸显;城镇居民的工作环境满意度在年龄、个人收入、就职单位等方面存在显著差异。此外,本文还从社会宏观层面考察了城镇居民的工作环境满意度与其在生活质量等各方面的主观感受,并从其间的关联上分析发现,城镇居民的工作环境满意度与其社会满意度、生活满意度、社会参与和社会分层均存在不同程度的显著关联。
The work environment research has already been widely developed in western countries and has begun to take shape in quantity. However, there are still some limitations in the field of concept, measurement and theoretical development, and even many misunderstandings exist. For this reason, based on the 2015 “Survey of Social Attitudes and Social Development in China”, this article tries to construct a scale of workplace satisfaction that is composed of objective working environment, organizational working environment and subjective psychological environment The working environment of urban residents in China. The analysis shows that the urban residents in our country are more satisfied with the working environment, but their working hours are longer, the work autonomy is smaller, and the work pressure is bigger. The satisfaction of the working environment of urban residents exists in terms of age, personal income and employment units Significant differences. In addition, this article examines the urban residents’ satisfaction with the working environment and their subjective feelings in aspects of quality of life from the macro level of society. From the analysis of the correlations, this paper finds that the satisfaction of urban residents with their social satisfaction, Satisfaction, social participation and social stratification have different degrees of significant correlation.