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目的：探讨交锁髓内针闭合复位与（有限）切开复位治疗下肢长骨骨折的疗效。方法选取吉林大学中日联谊医院骨科2012年4月—2014年8月53例患者进行统计学分析。手术随机分组，治疗组31例，给予交锁髓内针（有限）切开复位内固定治疗；对照组22例，给予交锁髓内针闭合复位内固定治疗。结果治疗组手术术中时间、术后骨折愈合时间均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；术后骨折愈合情况相似，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论（有限）切开复位交锁髓内针内固定术治疗下肢长骨骨折，髓内针能准确置入并能明确判断骨折复位情况，明显缩短手术时间及减少C臂透视引起的损伤，并减少术后感染，加快康复速度，是一种稳妥可行的方法。“,”Objective To investigate the effect of close and open interlocking intramedullary nailing for the diagnosis and treatment of long bone fracture of lower limbs. Methods A statistical analysis was conducted on the selected 53 cases in the Department of Orthopedics of China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from April 2012 to August 2014. And they were randomly di-vided into the treatment group and the control group. 31 cases in the treatment group were treated by (limited) open interlocking intramedullary nailing, while 22 cases in the control group were treated by close interlocking intramedullary nailing. Results The duration of operation, postoperative fracture union time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group, respec-tively, the differences between the two groups had statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion For long bone fracture of lower limbs, (limited) open reduction with interlocking intramedullary nailing is a safe and feasible method, because by which the in-tramedullary nail can be placed accurately, the reduction of fracture can be judged clearly, the duration of operation can be much shorter, the injury caused by C-arm fluoroscopy and the postoperative infection can be reduced, and the recovery can be sped up.