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在中世纪西欧,和当时的中国及世界大部地区,集市和庙会是商业活动的主要场所。当时西欧城乡间的商业交流,通常是通过集市的方式来进行的。至于较为珍贵的物品,或大宗的货物,就必须到庙会上去购买。集市和庙会,在中世纪时期的经济生活中(尤其是在中世纪中期和晚期),起着极其重要的作用。我们在研究中世纪的经济发展时,必须对集市和庙会的商业活动进行详细的考察。本文拟就集市和庙会的区别和译名问题;香槟等主要庙会的活动情况,集市和庙会的组织和管理制度;以及由定期贸易到常年设市的发展过程等问题,作一初步探讨。
In medieval times in Western Europe, and then in most parts of China and in the world, markets and temple fairs were the main places of business activity. At that time, commercial exchanges between urban and rural areas in Western Europe were usually conducted through the market. As for the more precious items, or bulk goods, you must go to the temple fair to buy. Bazaars and temple fairs played an extremely important role in the economic life of the Middle Ages, especially in the middle and late Middle Ages. When we study the economic development of the Middle Ages, we must conduct a detailed examination of the commercial activities of markets and temple fairs. This article will make a preliminary discussion on the issues such as the distinction between markets and festivals and the translation of festivals, the activities of major temple festivals such as champagne, the organization and management of markets and festivals, and the development process from regular trade to the establishment of perennial markets.