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建立了天空背景辐射、大气传输和地基探测系统的仿真模型,并基于已有的低轨道卫星红外辐射特性的模型,整合了一套研究空间目标红外探测的方案。利用该方案计算了探测器对卫星探测的信噪比,分析了卫星在不同过境时间的红外地基探测的效果。通过比较不同红外波段的探测信噪特性,探究了在不同情况下如何选择最佳的观测波段。研究结果显示,当目标处于日照区而观测点在阴影区时,近红外波段的探测信噪比很高,当目标进入阴影区后该波段无探测信号。不论卫星是在日照区还是阴影区,远红外波段始终可进行探测,但是当卫星表面温度较低或者距离较远时,信噪比较低。另外,由于卫星电池板的对日定向特性,探测器接收到的红外辐射信号会随着太阳高度角的变化而出现不同的特性。
A simulation model of sky background radiation, atmosphere transmission and foundation detection system is established. Based on the existing model of infrared radiation of low-orbiting satellites, a set of schemes for studying infrared target of space target is integrated. The scheme is used to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector to the satellite detection, and the effect of the satellite detection on the infrared ground in different transit times is analyzed. By comparing the detection signal-noise characteristics of different infrared bands, we explore how to choose the best observation band under different conditions. The results show that when the target is in the sunshine area and the observation point is in the shadow area, the signal-to-noise ratio in the near-infrared band is very high. When the target enters the shadow area, there is no detection signal in this band. No matter whether the satellite is in the sunshine area or the shadow area, the far infrared band can always be detected, but when the satellite surface temperature is lower or the distance is farther, the signal-noise ratio is lower. In addition, due to the orientation characteristics of satellite panels, the infrared radiation signals received by the detectors will exhibit different characteristics as the solar altitude changes.