封建时代,文人写文章遇到君主或尊长的名,不能照字直书,而要加以回避,这种手法就叫避讳。对皇帝名避讳,谓之“国讳”;对圣人名避讳,谓之“圣讳”;对尊长名避讳,谓之“家讳”。避讳约起于周,成于秦,盛于唐宋,到清代更加完备。常用的避讳法有以下几种: (一)缺笔避讳法。例如:为避唐太宗李世民讳,将“世”字写成“(?)”、“民”字写成“(?)”;为避宋太祖赵匡胤讳,把 Feudal era, the literati to write articles encountered monarch or eldest son of the name, can not be written, but to be avoided, this tactic is called taboo. The name of the taboo to the emperor, that the “national taboos”; taboo saints, that the “holy taboos”; the taboo name taboo, that the “taboo.” Taboo about the week, into the Qin, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties to the more complete. The common taboo law has the following kinds: (a) absent from the taboo law. For example, in order to avoid Taizong Li Shimin taboo, “World” will be written as “(?)”, “Min” is written as “(?)”; In order to avoid Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin taboo,