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为明确邵阳烟区优化烟叶结构技术,采用正交试验设计和模糊综合评价方法研究了不适用鲜烟叶的田间摘除叶片数和摘除时期对烤烟化学成分的影响。结果表明:(1)优化烟叶结构后的烤烟烟碱和总氮含量略有提高,但化学成分更协调。(2)对烤烟的烟碱含量、糖碱比和氮碱比影响的主要因素是摘除顶叶时期和叶片数;对烤烟的总糖、还原糖和总氮含量影响的主要因素是摘除下部烟叶时期;对烤烟钾含量影响的主要因素是摘除顶叶时期;对烤烟氯含量和钾氯比影响的主要因素是摘除下部烟叶片数。总体来说,影响烤烟化学成分的主要因子是摘除下部烟叶片数。(3)邵阳烟区稻田烤烟优化烟叶结构以打顶时摘除下部2片烟叶和倒数第1烤时摘除顶部烟叶1片为最佳。
In order to clarify the technology of tobacco leaf structure optimization in Shaoyang tobacco area, orthogonal test design and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to study the effect of leaf removal number and removal time on the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that: (1) Nicotine and total nitrogen in flue-cured tobacco increased slightly after optimization of tobacco structure, but the chemical composition was more coordinated. (2) The main factors influencing the nicotine content, the ratio of nicotine to base and the ratio of nicotine to nicotine of flue-cured tobacco were the period of removal of the parietal lobe and the number of leaves; the main factor affecting the total sugar, reducing sugar and total nitrogen of flue- Period; the main factor affecting the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco was the removal of the top leaves; the main factor affecting the chlorine content and potassium-to-chlorine ratio in flue-cured tobacco was the number of leaves removed from the lower part. In general, the main factor affecting the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco is the removal of lower tobacco leaves. (3) Optimization of the structure of tobacco leaves in Shaoyang tobacco-growing areas to remove the top two tobacco leaves and the top one when the bottom of the first roasted removal of top tobacco is the best.