拉沙(Lassa)热、马尔堡(Marburg)病、埃波拉(Ebola)出血热都是病毒性的急性、全身性的热性病。在日本把这三种疾病称为国际传染病,并作这样的定义:“在日本国内不存在、其预防法和治疗法尚未确立、死亡率高、传染力强、对患者以及其检查物的处理需有特殊设施的特定疾病”。日本于1976年3月10日已把拉沙热作为法定传染病。本文就此三种疾患的流行病学、临床表现、诊断以及治疗作一简要叙述。 Lassa fever, Marburg disease, and Ebola haemorrhagic fever are all viral acute, generalized febrile diseases. In Japan, these three kinds of diseases are called “international infectious diseases” and are defined as “there is no such thing in Japan, the precautionary approach and treatment have not been established, the mortality rate is high, and the contagion is strong. Handle specific diseases that require special facilities. ” Japan had Lassa fever as a notifiable infectious disease on March 10, 1976. This article describes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of these three diseases.