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BACKGROUND:?After? effective? treatment? with? antiviral?agent,? patients? with? low? serum? hepatitis? B? virus? (HBV)? DNA?level? had? a? low? incidence? of? hepatocellular? carcinoma? (HCC).?HBV? reactivation? after? HCC? surgery? is? associated? with? HCC?recurrence.? To? date,? there? are? no? universal? guidelines? for? the?perioperative? antiviral? treatment? of? patients? with? chronic?hepatitis? B,? let? alone? antiviral? therapy? in? patients? with? HBV-related? HCC.? The? present? analysis? is? trying? to? develop? a?perioperative?anti-HBV?treatment?protocol. DATA?SOURCES:?A?literature?search?of?PubMed?was?performed,?the?key?words?were?"perioperative"?"antiviral?therapy",?"hepato-cellular? carcinoma"? and? "chronic? hepatitis? B".? All? of? the?information?was?collected. RESULTS:?Relevant? documents? showed? that? reactivation? of?HBV?replication?played?a?direct?role?in?the?late?recurrence?of?HCC? after? surgical? resection.? The? well? control? of? viral? load?before? and? after? operation? significantly? increased? tumor-free?survival.? Many? drugs? are? used? in? antiviral? therapy? including?interferon? alpha? and? nucleoside? analogues.? Foscarnet,? two-agent?or?even?multiagent?of?nucleoside?analogues?is?necessary?for? perioperative? antiviral? treatment? of? patients? with? chronic?hepatitis?B?related?HCC. CONCLUSIONS:?HBV?reactivation?after?HCC?surgery?induces?hepatitis? flare? and? hepatocarcinogenesis,? thus? lifelong? and?vigorous? control? of? HBV? is? very? important? in? patients? with?chronic?hepatitis?B?and?HBV-related?HCC.?A?uniform?guideline?is? necessary? to? rapidly? reduce? HBV? DNA? to? a? lower? level? in?perioperation.