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A high sensitivity D -shaped hole double-cladding fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is designed and investigated by a full-vector finite element method. Within the D -shaped hole double-cladding fiber, the hollow D -section is coated with gold film and then injected in a high thermo-optic coefficient liquid to realize the high temperature sensitivity for the fiber SPR temperature sensor. The numerical simulation results show that the peaking loss of the D -shaped hole double-cladding fiber SPR is hugely influenced by the distance between the D -shaped hole and fiber core and by the thickness of the gold film, but the temperature sensitivity is almost insensitive to the above parameters. When the thermo-optic coefficient is 2.8 × 10 4 / ° C , the thickness of the gold film is 47 nm, and the distance between the D -shaped hole and fiber core is 5 μm, the temperature sensitivity of the D -shaped hole fiber SPR sensor can reach to 3.635 nm / ° C .