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掌握取向思维是由美国著名心理学家德威克和迪纳于七十年代末提出的。他们以关于无助模式的研究为基础 ,强调，学生在面对挫折时，主要有两种反应取向：进取和逃避。相应地也产生了两种思维模式：掌握取向思维和无助思维。掌握取向思维主要表现为学生相信自己的能力，面对挫
Grasp the orientation of thinking by the famous American psychologist Dick and Dina put forward in the late seventies. Based on a study of helplessness patterns, they emphasize that students face two setbacks when faced with setbacks: aggressiveness and avoidance. Correspondingly, two kinds of thinking patterns have also emerged: mastery of orientation and helpless thinking. Mastering the orientation of thinking mainly manifested as students believe in their ability to face frustration