为了解大型教学医院住院病人医院感染发生情况，探索降低医院感染率的措施和防治办法，我们根据医院感染诊断标准并按照感染调查表格逐项对我院１９９６年６月出院的２０１４份病历进行了调查。结果发现９７例并发医院感染，发病率为４８２％。疾病中以血液系统疾病和恶性肿瘤病人医院感染率特别高，分别为９５％及７０１８％；科室感染较高者，依次为烧伤科、胸外科和传染科，分别为１６２９％、１４０２％和１３３３％；而按感染部位，则以肺部感染为３１９１％，泌尿道和手术伤口感染均为１４４３％；检出致病菌５３株，细菌检出率为５４６４％；其中革兰阴性杆菌占６４１５％，革兰阳性球菌为２２６４％，真菌为１３２１％。作者还就医院感染的有关因素、降低医院感染率的措施以及防治方法进行了讨论。 In order to understand the occurrence of nosocomial infections in large teaching hospitals and explore ways to reduce the nosocomial infection rate and prevention and treatment measures, we conducted 2014 medical records of our hospital discharged from our hospital in June 1996 according to the diagnostic criteria of nosocomial infection and according to the infection investigation form. survey. The results found that 97 cases of nosocomial infections, the incidence was 4  82%. The prevalence of nosocomial infections was 95% and 70.18% in patients with hematologic diseases and malignant diseases, respectively. The departments with higher departmental infection were burned, thoracic and infectious diseases in turn, accounting for 1629% 14  02% and 13  33% respectively. According to the infected sites, the infection rate was 3191% in the lungs and 1443% in the urinary tract and surgical wounds. 53 pathogens were detected and the bacteria were detected The rate was 5464%. Among them, Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 6415%, Gram-positive cocci was 2264% and fungi was 1321%. The author also discussed the relevant factors of nosocomial infection, the measures to reduce the nosocomial infection rate and the methods of prevention and treatment.