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深入研究土壤中氮素的残留和移动有助于明确、解释或监测农田氮素淋失的过程。以土壤无机氮测试为主要手段,通过设置不同的田间试验处理,分析农民传统施肥下冬小麦/夏玉米轮作条件下氮素的累积迁移特征。结果表明,农民习惯施肥处理冬小麦/夏玉米轮作地土壤中残留的氮素以硝态氮为主,小麦生长季土壤硝态氮积累量在90.13～426.97kg/hm2,玉米季为67.96～204.32kg/hm2,存在潜在淋失的风险。除因作物不同生育期吸收不同外,N肥施用量、灌溉量等都是决定其季节动态变化的主要因素。进一步研究需寻求合理的水肥管理模式,以提高氮肥利用率,减少氮素流失造成的非点源污染。
In-depth study of soil residual nitrogen and movement help clarify, explain or monitor the process of nitrogen leaching farmland. Soil inorganic nitrogen was used as the main measure to analyze the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and accumulation under winter wheat / summer maize rotation under traditional fertilization by setting different field experiments. The results showed that the residual nitrogen in the soil of winter wheat / summer maize rotation was mainly dominated by nitrate nitrogen, and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the wheat growing season was 90.13 ~ 426.97kg / hm2 and the corn season was 67.96 ~ 204.32kg / hm2, there is the potential risk of leaching. In addition to different crops due to different absorption of different growth stages, N fertilizer application, irrigation and so are the main factors that determine the dynamic changes in the seasons. Further research needs to seek a reasonable water and fertilizer management model to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization and reduce non-point source pollution caused by nitrogen loss.