语言具有系统性。组成语言的三大要素中,语音语法的分统性已是公认的,词汇的系统性尽管至今仍有争论,但也已为越来越多的人所认识和研究。本文不打算纠缠词汇系统性的存在与否,而是以承认它的存在为前提,来探讨一下其中的几个问题。 一 词 族 词汇系统实际上是词汇的意义结构系统。按照词与词之间的意义上的各种不同的联系,我们可以把词汇中的词进行分类。这样分出来的类,有人把它叫做类聚。实际上,如果用共时和历时两方面的观点进行深入的分析,分出来的各个类的内部的及类与类之间又可以找出其中的联系。因此,词汇系统在一定程度上讲,象人类社会的族系一样,它们之间的关系 The language is systematic. The composition of the language of the three elements, the grammatical grammar of pronunciation has been generally accepted, the vocabulary of the system is still controversial, but it has also been recognized and studied for more and more people. This article does not intend to entangle the systemic existence of the vocabulary or not, but to admit its existence as a prerequisite to explore some of these issues. A word family vocabulary system is actually a system of meaning structures of words. We can classify the words in the vocabulary according to the various connections in the meaning between the words and the words. Such a separation of the class, some people call it a gathering. In fact, if the in-depth analysis is carried out from both the synchronic and diachronic perspectives, it is possible to find out the connections among the internal categories and classes of each category. Therefore, the vocabulary system to some extent, like the human family, as the relationship between them