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作者认为急性肾功能衰竭(肾衰)的定义应为,虽经纠正了肾外因素而不能很快逆转的氮质血症者。急性肾衰分为缺血性,过敏性或肾中毒性。缺血性者可由出血、休克、败血症或注射降压药致周围血管极度扩张而引起;过敏性者常发生于某些药物的全身性反应,可导致发热、皮疹、嗜伊红性细胞增加、尿嗜伊红性细胞增加和急性闯质性肾炎;肾中毒者晚近常为氨基糖甙类抗生素所致。高血钙症(>15mg/d1)亦可导致急性肾衰。缺血性急性肾衰开始是由于入球小动脉收缩导致肾血流量减少。收缩过后,肾血流量恢复正常,肾功能衰竭却依然存在,主要是继发性肾小管梗阻所致。
The authors believe that acute renal failure (renal failure) should be defined as azotemia that does not reverse quickly enough despite the correction of extrarenal factors. Acute renal failure is divided into ischemic, allergic or nephrotoxicity. Ischemic may be caused by bleeding, shock, sepsis or injection of antihypertensive drug to the peripheral blood vessels caused by the expansion of the general; allergic patients often occur in some drugs systemic reactions can lead to fever, rash, eosinophils increased, Increased urinary eosinophils and acute cholelithiasis; nephrotoxicosis caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Hypercalcemia (> 15mg / d1) can also cause acute renal failure. The onset of ischemic acute renal failure is due to a decrease in renal blood flow due to constriction of the arterioles into the target. After the contraction, renal blood flow returned to normal, renal failure is still there, mainly due to secondary tubulointerstitial.