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美军对敌我识别系统的研究,始于40年代的二次世界大战期间。但对单兵敌我识别系统的研究,则始于90年代中期。究其原因,主要有下述4点:(1)现代作战武器的射击精度、射程和杀伤力大大提高,徒步士兵面临着来自其他士兵、空中平台或地面车辆攻击的危险。为了充分发挥现代武器的作战效能,必须有一种好办法确定士兵正在瞄准的目标(如单兵、单辆坦克或直升机)是敌人还是友军?他是否正在受到友军单兵、武装直升机或地面战车的威胁?(2)一些军事强国将现代士兵视为一个自主作战能力比以往强得多、能与其他作战单元(如地面车辆和空中平台)协同作战的作战平台。因此,急需研制能够满足单兵与多种作战平台协同作战需求的敌我识别系统。
The study of the U.S. military’s system of identifying the enemy and ourselves began in the 1940s during the Second World War. However, the research on the identification system of the enemy’s enemy and ourselves began in the mid-1990s. The reason is as follows: (1) The firing accuracy, range and lethality of modern combat weapons are greatly increased. The foot soldiers face the danger of attack from other soldiers, air platforms or ground vehicles. In order to give full play to the operational effectiveness of modern weapons, there must be a good way to determine whether a target (such as a soldier, a single tank or a helicopter) aiming at a soldier is an enemy or a friendly allied? Are he or she is being beaten by friendly forces, armed helicopters or ground chariots? (2) Some military Powers see modern soldiers as a platform of combat with much more autonomous combat capabilities than ever before, capable of collaborating with other combat units such as ground vehicles and aerial platforms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an enemy-friend recognition system that can meet the needs of coordinated operations between a single soldier and multiple combat platforms.