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地理教学的最重要任务是向学生传授地理基础知识、培养地理基本技能。而地理科学知识,同其他任何知识一样,属于观念形态,是由观念、概念和判断所组成。地理观念是地理事物和现象以及地理过程的外表形象,通过人们的感觉器官,把它的外部特点在意识中保存下来,并随时可以复现的一种认识活动,属于感性认识阶段。地理概念,是以地理观念为基础,运用地理思维活动,认清地理事物和现象的本质属性和相互关系的一种思想,它属于理性认识阶段。培养学生地理观念和概念的途径和方法,则是完成地理教学任务必须要认真探讨的问题。
The most important task of geography teaching is to teach students basic knowledge of geography and to cultivate basic skills in geography. The knowledge of geography, like any other kind of knowledge, belongs to the concept of morphology and consists of concepts, concepts, and judgments. The concept of geography is the external image of geographical things and phenomena and geographical processes. Through human sensory organs, a cognitive activity that preserves its external features in consciousness and can be reproduced at any time belongs to the perceptual stage of understanding. The concept of geography is an idea based on geographical concepts, using geographical thinking activities, and recognizing the essential attributes and relationships of geographical things and phenomena. It belongs to the stage of rational understanding. The ways and methods of cultivating students’ geographic concepts and concepts are the issues that must be seriously explored in order to complete the tasks of geography teaching.