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Litotes(曲言、反叙、含蓄渲染)是一种用否定对立的一端来肯定另一端的修辞手法,与meiosis(减弱陈述)并列,同属于understatement(低调陈述)的一种。虽然这在学界已逐渐成为共识,但还是可以看到,在关于litotes的研究领域,学者们还是存在较大分歧,甚至有对立的观点的。关于litotes的归类就有多种方法,有归入oxymoron(矛盾修辞法),也有归入irony(反语),也有将litotes与meiosis混淆等同的;关于litotes的发展趋势,有不少学者认为litotes与meiosis将由understatement逐渐取代,三者成为等同、可互换使用的修辞格。本文对上述的归类方法和研究趋势提出质疑,并从litotes的内在定义和本质着手,通过与其他易混辞格的比较和分析,认为可以从不同角度把litotes同时归入Understatement与Irony,但绝无被其他任何辞格替代之势。
Litotes (rhetoric, anti-narrative, subtle rendering) is a way of affirming the rhetorical device on the other end by the opposite of the negation, in parallel with the meiosis (weakening statement), and belonging to the understatement. Although this has gradually become the consensus in academia, we can still see that scholars still have big differences and even contradictory opinions in litotes research. There are many ways to classify litotes, including oxymoron (paradoxical rhetoric), irony (irony), and littles meiosis. For the development of litotes, many scholars think litotes And meiosis will gradually be replaced by understatement, all three become equivalent, interchangeable figures of speech. This article questions the classification methods and research trends mentioned above. Starting from the intrinsic definition and essence of Litotes, we think lit litters can be classified into Understatement and Irony from different perspectives through comparison and analysis with other fugitives There is no substitute for any other rhetoric.