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稀土金属具有良好的延展性、导电性、金属光泽等典型的金属性质。稀土原素在地壳中的储量比常见的金属铜、铝、锡、锌还要多,其矿物有250多种,因此,稀土既不是土,也不稀少。 稀土元素之所以“稀贵”,是由于它们的元子结构十分相似,化学性质十分相近,因而分离提取十分困难。从1794年在硅铍钇矿中发现钇开始,到1947年从裂变产物中得到钷为止,共经历了150多年。稀土工业若从1893年提取汽灯用钍开始算起,也已有了八十多年历史。我国对稀土的研究应用,开始于五十年代。当六十年代世界稀土应用蓬勃发展的时候,我国稀土也进入了工业生产应用的规模。
Rare earth metals have good ductility, electrical conductivity, metallic luster and other typical metal properties. Rare earth elements in the crust of the reserves than the common copper, aluminum, tin, zinc and more, there are more than 250 kinds of minerals, therefore, rare earth is neither soil nor sparse. The reason why rare earth elements are “rare and expensive” is that their elemental structures are very similar and their chemical properties are very similar, so separation and extraction are very difficult. From the discovery of yttrium in the yttrium-silicon-yttrium in 1794 to the discovery of yttrium from fission products in 1947, it has lasted for more than 150 years. Rare earth industry from the 1893 extraction of thorium gas began to count, it has been more than 80 years of history. Rare earth research and application of our country, began in the fifties. When the world’s rare earth applications flourished in the 1960s, China’s rare earth industry has also entered the scale of industrial applications.