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视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis opbca,NMO)是一种临床上具有复发或单向病程的,选择性、侵袭性损伤视神经和脊髓的自身免疫病,亚洲人多见。既往对NMO是多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)的一个亚型还是另外一种疾病存在争议,目前认为其可能是一种不同于MS的离子通道病。NMO和经典的MS(classical MS,CMS)不仅在遗传背景、发病机制、病理改变和临床表现上不同,而且治疗和预后也不尽相同。我们对近几年来NMO免疫、病理和治疗方面的研究进展做一综述。
Neuromyelitis opbca (NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the optic nerve and spinal cord that has a recurrent or one-way course of clinical disease selectively and invasively, most notably in Asia. Previously, there was controversy over whether NMO is a subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) or another disease, which is currently considered to be an ion channel disease that is different from MS. NMO and classical MS (CMS) not only have different genetic backgrounds, pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinical manifestations, but also have different treatment and prognosis. We review the recent advances in the immunology, pathology and treatment of NMO.