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通过了解维吾尔族青少年身体形态状况、形态发育的变化特点及其变化规律,为改善维吾尔族青少年体质健康水平提供依据,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、测试和数理统计法,于2012年10-12月,对新疆和田地区中小学7-18岁4800名维吾尔族青少年的身高、体重和胸围指标进行统计分析。结果表明:2012年维吾尔族青少年的生长发育水平有一定幅度的提高,男生7-18岁身高、体重和胸围平均增加值分别为2.85 cm、2.11kg、和1.86 cm;女生7-18岁身高、体重和胸围平均增加值分别为1.86 cm、1.61kg和1.31cm,但是城市和乡村之间存在差异,总体水平城市高于乡村,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);造成差异的主要因素除了遗传外、还有营养、生活环境、生活习惯、体育锻炼和经济发展等因素。建议:高度重视学生城乡之间的差异,加强校领导对学校体育工作的重视,促进学校健康教育工作、对学生自觉锻炼意识的培养,适当减轻学生文化课学习的压力,保障学生体育锻炼时间,改善生活方式,帮助学生形成良好的饮食、锻炼、娱乐等健康生活方式,尽快缩小城乡之间的差异,以此增强青少年体质健康水平。
By understanding the characteristics and changing rules of body shape and morphological development of Uygur adolescents, this study provides the basis for improving the physique and health of Uygur adolescents. By means of literature review, expert interviews, test and mathematical statistics, In December, a statistical analysis was conducted on the height, weight, and chest circumference of 4800 Uighur adolescents aged 7-18 in primary and secondary schools in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang. The results showed that the level of growth and development of Uygur adolescents increased by a certain extent in 2012, while the average height, weight and bust increase of boys aged 7-18 were 2.85 cm, 2.11kg and 1.86 cm respectively; the height of girls aged 7-18 years, The mean increase of body weight and bust was 1.86 cm, 1.61 kg and 1.31 cm respectively, but there was a difference between urban and rural areas. The overall level of urban was higher than that of rural with statistically significant differences (P <0.05, P <0.01). The main factors causing the difference in addition to genetic, but also nutrition, living environment, lifestyle, physical exercise and economic development and other factors. Suggestions: attach great importance to the differences between urban and rural students, strengthen the leadership of school attach importance to school sports, promote school health education, awareness of students’ awareness of training, appropriate to reduce the pressure on students’ cultural studies to protect students’ physical exercise time, Improve lifestyle, help students form a healthy diet, exercise, entertainment and other healthy lifestyles, as soon as possible to narrow the differences between urban and rural areas, in order to enhance young people’s physical health.