[Objective] To study the chemical composition of Phyllanthus simplex Retz. leaves. [Method] Compounds in P. simplex leaves were extracted by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and other methods. Compound composition was identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopy methods (UV, IR, NMR, MS). [Result] A total of 4 compounds were extracted from the leaves of P. simplex, which were vanillin (I), β-daucossterol (II), β-sitosterol (III) and rutin (IV). Among them, rutin (IV) was extracted from P. simplex for the first time. [Conclusion] Chemical composition in P. simplex leaves was researched, which provided theoretical references for the development and utilization of P. simplex resources. [Objective] To study the chemical composition of Phyllanthus simplex Retz. Leaves. [Method] Compounds in P. simplex leaves were extracted by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and other methods. Compound composition was identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopy methods (UV, IR, NMR, MS). [Result] A total of 4 compounds were extracted from the leaves of P. simplex, which were vanillin (I), β-daucossterol (II), β- sitosterol (III) and rutin (IV) . [Summary] Chemical composition in P. simplex leaves was researched, which provided theoretical references for the development and utilization of P. simplex resources.