“四体不勤,五谷不分”出自《论语·微子》中荷茶丈人之口,是“丈人”对孔子的评价语。“丈人”表面看来是农民,评语是出自农民之口,因而历来就有人把它当作诋毁孔子为“寄生虫”的武器。事实究竟如何,笔者认为有必要作进一步的分析。 一、评语的提出及依据。 先要弄清楚,“丈人”并不是一般的从事农业生产的普通农民,而是一个隐士。隐士一般属于道家学派。先秦时,“士”属于中间阶层,在统治阶级的最下层,同人民比较接近。他们地位虽低,却都是有学问有才能的人,在学术上表现为儒家、墨家、道家、名家、法家、阴阳家、农家、杂家、纵横家等。他们出身不同,立场不同,为了解决现实问题,从代表各自的阶级和阶层出发,对政治提出各自不同的要求和主张,并著 “Four bodies are not diligent, and grains are not divided” is from the mouth of the tea-teacher in “The Analects of Confucius”. It is the evaluation language of “the father-in-law” to Confucius. On the surface, the “Taiwanese” is a peasant. The commentary comes from the peasant’s mouth. Therefore, it has always been regarded as a weapon that destroys Confucius as a “parasite”. As far as the facts are concerned, the author thinks it is necessary to make further analysis. First, the comments made and the basis. First of all, it should be clear that the “genuine” is not an ordinary farmer engaged in agricultural production, but a hermit. Hermits generally belong to the Taoist school. In the pre-Qin period, “scholars” belonged to the middle class, and they were close to the people at the bottom of the ruling class. Although their status is low, they are all academic and talented people. Academically, they are represented by Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, famous artists, legalists, yin and yang families, farm families, miscellaneous households, and strataists. They have different origins and different positions. In order to solve practical problems, they set out from their respective classes and strata and put forward different requirements and propositions on politics.