造林和种农作物一样,必须精耕细作,创造适于幼苗生长发育的土壤水分、空气、养分、温度等环境,才能保证成活率高,生长迅速健壮。因此,造林前,必须抓好整地这一重要工作。整地的作用,主要在于疏松土壤,消灭杂草,改善土壤物理特性,有效地截持大气降水,控制水土流失,减少水分的蒸发和蒸腾,从而达到蓄水保墒,提高土壤含水量,改变干旱状况。在比较水湿的地方,整地又可以排除过多的土壤水分,减轻土壤盐渍化程度。整地的另一作用,在于改善土壤通 Afforestation, like planting crops, must be intensively cultivated to create an environment suitable for the growth and development of seedlings such as soil moisture, air, nutrients and temperature in order to ensure a high survival rate and rapid and robust growth. Therefore, before afforestation, we must grasp the important task of soil preparation. The function of soil preparation is mainly to loosen soil, eliminate weeds, improve soil physical characteristics, effectively intercept atmospheric precipitation, control soil erosion, reduce evaporation and transpiration of water so as to achieve water storage and soil conservation, increase soil water content, and change drought conditions . In wet places, soil preparation can eliminate excess soil moisture and reduce the degree of soil salinization. Another function of site preparation is to improve soil access